Current Lab Learning Objectives:
3 Requirements for Current Flow
Source, load, and path.
  • Source: Batteries and Alternators
  • Path: Wire Harness
  • Load: Lights, Solenoids, Motors, etc…
  • The resistance of the circuit load determines the circuit's current flow.
💡 A Complete Path Is Required

An open circuit will result in zero current flow even when your meter is connected correctly.

Diagram of a 12v battery, switch, and light bulb labeled with power wiring (path), source, and load
Electrostatic Force
Current is as predictable as gravity.
  • There is no need to complicate this topic. When provided a Source, Load, and Path, current will act very predictably.
  • Electrostatic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It's as undeniable as gravity.
  • Opposite charges attract and like charges repel. You have seen this in magnets and static.
  • Gravity is strong over unimaginable distances and builds on itself, while Electrostatic force is strong over smaller distances and is always trying to equalize itself.
Diagram of positive and negative charges attracting across a row of atoms
Current Has a Direction
  • Electron flow or Conventional flow. They are both happening at the same time, so it really doesn't matter.
  • AC and DC. Alternating current means the current flow changes direction. The amount of direct current in a circuit can change intensity but will never change direction.
💡 Conventional vs. Electron Flow

Conventional Current flow is from positive to negative. DC flows in only one direction.

Diagram of electrons moving left and holes, an area of positive charge, moving right through a row of atoms
Electrons are moving left. Holes, area of positive charge, are moving right.
DVOM — Current Measured with Your Internal Ammeter
  • Use the correct jacks in your meter
  • Meter must be in series with the circuit
  • Be careful with your meter's fuse

1A = 1 amp, 1mA = 1 milliamp, 1µA = 1 micro-amp

1 Amp1,000mA = 1,000,000µA
1mA1/1000 of 1 amp
1µA1/1,000,000 of 1 amp
💡 Current Is Measured in Amps

You use your Ammeter to measure current. A good ammeter has extremely low resistance. A meter with a blown fuse will not measure current.

Hand holding a Fluke 85 III True RMS multimeter set to measure milliamps
Measuring Current — Series Ammeter
💡 Break the Circuit to Insert the Meter

My internal DVOM ammeter must be inserted in series with the circuit I'm testing. Always in series with the load. I must use the current jacks of my meter. I can blow my fuse by connecting my meter in parallel or in a circuit with too much current.

Diagram showing the circuit broken and an ammeter inserted in series between the switch and the light bulb
Current and Magnetic Fields
  • Current flow through a conductor creates a magnetic field around the conductor
  • A conductor (that is part of a complete circuit) traveling through a magnetic field will have a current generated in it.
Diagram of current flowing through a conductor with a magnetic field circling around it
Adapted from Wikimedia Commons, User:Stannered: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electromagnetism.svg
Measuring Current — Clamp Meter
Diagram of a clamp-style ammeter clamped around a wire without breaking the circuit
💡 No Need to Break the Circuit

I do not need to open a circuit to test current with a clamp style ammeter. Clamp measures the magnetic field around the conductor. I need to 'zero' the clamp. I must use the voltage jacks in my meter.

Lab: Current
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Chapter Review: Current
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